Measles

What is measles?

Measles is a very contagious virus. It causes high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads down the body.

Why should I be concerned about measles now?

There are current measles outbreaks in the United States with 712 confirmed cases across 25 states as of April 10, 2025. There are five confirmed cases in Michigan. There’s also a large outbreak in neighboring Ontario, Canada with 816 confirmed cases, including cases in Windsor which is directly across the border from Detroit. The virus could spread to our area.

How does measles spread?

Measles spreads through the air when someone coughs or sneezes. The virus can stay in the air for up to 2 hours after an infected person leaves the room. It is the most contagious virus known.

How contagious is measles?

Very! If you’re not vaccinated and you’re exposed to measles, you have a 90% chance of getting sick. People with measles can spread it to others 4 days BEFORE they get the rash and 4 days after the rash appears.

What are the symptoms of measles?

• High fever (can go over 104°F)
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Red, watery eyes
• White spots inside the mouth (called “Koplik spots”)
• Red rash that starts on the face and spreads down the body

How dangerous is measles?

Measles can be very serious:

• 1 in 5 people with measles will need hospital care
• 1 in 1,000 can get brain swelling that may cause brain damage
• 1 to 3 in 1,000 people with measles will die, even with good care
• It can be especially dangerous for babies and young children
• Pregnant women with measles can lose their baby or become very sick

Years after infection, some people develop a fatal brain disease called SSPE

How long after exposure do symptoms start?

• Symptoms usually appear 7-14 days after being exposed
• Symptoms can take up to 21 days to show
• The rash usually appears 3-5 days after the first symptoms begin

How can I protect my family from measles?

The MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is the best protection:

• Two doses of the MMR vaccine are 97% effective at preventing measles
• Children should get their first dose at 12-15 months and second dose at 4-6 years
• During outbreaks, babies as young as 6 months may get an early dose

Who needs the MMR vaccine?

• Children: Two doses (first at 12-15 months, second at 4-6 years)
• Adults born after 1957: At least one dose (two if at high risk)
• Adults born before 1957: Usually considered immune
• Healthcare workers: Two doses regardless of birth year
• College students: Two doses
• International travelers: Two doses
• Check with your doctor if you’re not sure about your vaccination status

What if I or my child was exposed to measles?

• If exposed and not vaccinated, you can still get protection by:
  • Getting the MMR vaccine within 72 hours (3 days) of exposure
  • Getting immune globulin (a medicine) within 6 days of exposure
• Pregnant women, infants, and people with weakened immune systems should get immune globulin, not the vaccine

What if I think someone in my family has measles?

1. Call your doctor or the hospital FIRST before you go
2. DO NOT go to a waiting room or public place
3. Tell them you suspect measles so they can prepare to prevent spread

What if I’m not sure if I’ve had the MMR vaccine?

• Check your vaccination records or ask your doctor
• If you can’t find your records:
  • Option 1: Get the MMR vaccine (it’s safe to get another dose)
  • Option 2: Get a blood test to check for immunity (though getting vaccinated is usually simpler)

Is the MMR vaccine safe?

Yes. The MMR vaccine has been used for decades and is very safe. It does not cause autism. Many studies have proven this. Side effects are usually mild and short-lived, like a sore arm or low fever.

Can people with egg allergies get the MMR vaccine?

Yes. The MMR vaccine is safe for people with egg allergies. You don’t need special testing or procedures before getting it.

Where can I get the MMR vaccine?

• Your doctor’s office
• Ottawa County Department of Public Health
• Many pharmacies

What if my child can’t get vaccinated for medical reasons?

Talk to your doctor. If there’s an outbreak, your child may need to stay home to stay safe. The health department can provide guidance.

What should schools, daycares, and colleges do about measles?

• Keep vaccination records easily accessible
• Make sure students and staff are up-to-date on vaccinations
• Be prepared for the possibility that unvaccinated people may need to stay home for 21 days if exposed
• Have a plan for quickly communicating with families